Do non-US citizens have a Social Security number? This question is often asked by individuals who are not from the United States but have either moved to the country or are planning to do so. A Social Security number (SSN) is a unique nine-digit identification number issued to U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and certain other eligible individuals. In this article, we will explore whether non-US citizens can obtain a Social Security number and the reasons behind this requirement.
Non-US citizens can indeed obtain a Social Security number, but they must meet specific criteria to qualify. The Social Security Administration (SSA) issues SSNs to individuals who are authorized to work in the United States. This includes temporary workers, students, and refugees. However, not all non-US citizens are eligible for an SSN, and the process for obtaining one can vary depending on the individual’s status and purpose for being in the United States.
Eligibility for a Social Security Number
To be eligible for a Social Security number, non-US citizens must fall into one of the following categories:
1. Employment Authorization: Individuals who have been granted employment authorization by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) can apply for an SSN. This includes H-1B visa holders, L-1 visa holders, and those with an E-1, E-2, or E-3 visa.
2. Student Status: Students with a valid F-1 or J-1 visa who have been admitted to a U.S. educational institution can apply for an SSN. They must be enrolled in a full course of study and have a valid Form I-20 or DS-2019.
3. Refugees and Asylees: Individuals who have been granted refugee or asylee status can apply for an SSN. They must have a valid Form I-94 or an Arrival-Departure Record.
4. Other Eligible Individuals: Certain other individuals, such as those in the U.S. military or those with a pending application for adjustment of status, may also be eligible for an SSN.
Obtaining a Social Security Number
To obtain a Social Security number, non-US citizens must follow these steps:
1. Apply for Employment Authorization: First, the individual must have employment authorization from USCIS. This can be in the form of an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) or an I-94 with an authorized employment status.
2. Visit a Social Security Office: Once authorized to work, the individual can visit a local Social Security office to apply for an SSN. They will need to provide proof of identity, employment authorization, and age.
3. Submit Required Documents: Acceptable documents for proof of identity and employment authorization include a passport, visa, I-20, EAD, or I-94. The SSA may also request additional documents to verify the individual’s identity and eligibility.
4. Wait for Approval: After submitting the application, the individual will receive a receipt with a confirmation number. They can check the status of their application online or by calling the SSA.
Conclusion
In conclusion, non-US citizens can obtain a Social Security number if they meet specific eligibility criteria. While not all non-US citizens are eligible for an SSN, those who are can apply through the SSA and use the number for various purposes, such as opening a bank account, obtaining a driver’s license, or accessing government services. It is essential for individuals to understand the requirements and process for obtaining an SSN to ensure a smooth transition into the United States.
